Not until they lost their armies, but until they realized “Hey, unchecked power is intoxicating and war only leads to more war” and spit it out

this is intense historical revisionism, they did not graciously hand over power, the risorgimento forcibly stripped it.

pius ix called himself a prisoner of the vatican when italian troops took rome in 1870 and the papacy refused to recognize the italian state for sixty years.

the Lateran Treaty with Mussolini was their reconciliation with losing