I think two great ways to manage this are
1: using permissions the user can see and grant/deny “Allow persistent background usage” or something like that with a tooltip or something that warms the user about resource usage. IIRC, this is already a thing in Android 14.
2: providing visibility into background app usage and history. They do this to some degree, but it’s not as good as it could be. Especially when I want to know what is draining my battery when my phone is in my pocket.
Pcie ASPM off would hurt battery life a lot wouldn’t it? What sad do you have?